MAKING GAMMA-RAYS AND X-RAYS


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Picture one Making x-rays & gamma-rays with electricty.(Most common and recommended way.)


Picture two Gamma-ray bomb.


Picture three Gamma-ray / X-ray laser.


Picture four Making gamma-rays with a laser and hot plasma.


X-rays and gamma-rays can be made one of several ways.

By taking energy away from an electron by colliding that electron with a heavy atom or radioactive target.

By taking a radioactive material that is decaying slowley and speed up this decay by bombarding it with high energy x-rays. This is the best way to make a lot of high energy gamma-rays.

By taking energy away from an electron by slowing it down with a magnetic field.

By trying to raise the energy level of a photon by colliding it with ionizing radiation.



Other useful information on the topic


How to make hafnium-178m2 For making those gamma rays.


Ways to heat a plasma.

1. Ohmic Heating - The plasma can be heated to temperatures up to 20-30 million K through the current passing through the plasma. It is called ohmic or resistive heating; the heat generated depends on the resistance between the plasma and current. However, as temperature rises, resistance drops, making this form of heating less and less effective. Other methods are neccessary in addition in order to heat the plasma to required temperatures.

2. Neutral-Beam Injector - High energy, neutral atoms are shot into the plasma, and are immediately ionized. These ions then get trapped by the magnetic fields, and transfer some of their energy to the surrounding plasma particles through collisions, thus raising the overall temperature.

3. Magnetic Compression - The plasma can be heated through a rapid compression, which is possible by increasing the magnetic field. In the tokamak, this compression occurs by moving the plasma to an area of a higher magnetic field.

4. Radiofrequency Heating - High-frequency waves are launched into the plasma through the use of oscillators. If the waves have the right wavelength, their energy can be transferred into certain particles, which then transfer the energy through collisions with others.



Basic homemade plasma heater.Heating up a plasma.


Basic fusion reactor Heating up a plasma.


Plasma containment. Shows how to confine a plasma.




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